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<div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>日积月累的最优体验会汇集成一种掌控感，是最接近“幸福”的状态。<br>人生中很多事情就像减肥，每个人都知道该怎么做，但还是很多人做不到。<br>穷困的小女孩只知道，果酱和面包永远是明天的事，今天就是吃不到。<br>意识每次只能认知和回应一定数量的事件，而新涌进来的会把旧的挤掉。<br>人生能经历的事情有限，选择哪些资讯进入意识，决定了生活的内涵与品质。<br>最优体验的反面是精神熵，也叫内在失序，使我们分心，无法为实现意图而努力。<br>自我在体验心流后会变得复杂，自我就这样开始成长。<br>享乐转瞬即逝，乐趣回味无穷。<br>阅读的技巧不仅包括识字，还包括把文字转化成意向、对虚构的角色产生共鸣、辨识历史和文化背景、预期情节的转变、批评与衡量作者的风格。<br>挑战性的活动、竞争性的环境、化无聊为乐趣、即时回馈的目标等都有助于进入心流体验。<br>心流状态中，不害怕失败，不担心事态失控，感觉能完全控制自己的世界。<br>心流会让人上瘾，忘记自我，忘记时间，能促进自我成长，也能自我毁灭。<br>自成目标是指做一件事不追求未来的报酬，做这件事本身就是最大的回馈。<br>觉得自己的技能足够应付当前的挑战才能感受最优体验。<br>游戏分四大类：竞争（eg.体育）、投机（eg.赌博）、眩晕（eg.过山车）和模仿（eg.舞蹈），这些都是能带来心流体验的活动。<br>心流活动都有一个共同点：能带来新发现和创造感，将当事人带入新的现实。<br>思觉失调症（看完“与恶”后，决定不再用那个难听的词）没有控制任何事物进出意识的能力，不由自主地注意到所有不相干的刺激，接收所有资讯。<br>能培养心流设计能力的家庭五个特点：<br>1、清晰，孩子知道父母对自己的期望，目标与回馈都毫不含糊。<br>2、重视，孩子觉得父母对自己的事情和感受有兴趣。<br>3、选择，孩子觉得自己有很多选择，包括可以不听父母的话。<br>4、投入，父母让孩子有足够的信心去做自己喜欢的事情。<br>5、挑战，父母为孩子安排复杂渐进的行动机会。<br>对于没有技巧的人而言，身体不过是廉价的血肉之躯罢了。<br>无趣如步行都可以设计出乐趣，可以浏览橱窗、观察行人，可以探寻未知路径、沿街风景。<br>只要有好奇心、细心观察、持之以恒地做记录，并设法从数据中找出规律，谦逊地从前辈的研究成果中学习，再加上怀疑的态度，对于缺乏事实佐证的信念保持开放的胸襟。<br>避免精神熵和整理注意力的最好办法，是培养能控制心灵运作的习惯，而不是靠外界刺激。<br>钻研学问到了某个阶段，一个人就会从消极的“消费者”转变为积极的“生产者”。<br>放弃运用象征技巧的人永远不可能获得真正的自由。<br>庖丁解牛，把躲不掉的工作变成了复杂有技巧的活动。<br>从技巧的运用中产生的心流体验，会带来成长；纯属被动的娱乐背后，什么也没有（eg.看电视&性行为）。<br>弗洛伊德的幸福处方——爱与工作。<br>“活着”的拉丁文说法是“在人群当中”，“死亡”的说法则是“不再人群当中”。<br>自虐行为虽然痛苦，但是能让注意力集中在一件事情上。<br>青少年为了逃避混沌的黑暗，几乎什么事都愿意做——只要无需消耗太多精神能量即可。<br>熬过孤独唯一的方法就是设法整顿注意力，不让精神熵损害心灵。<br>很多人光是在充满敌意的环境里求生，就已经耗尽了全部的注意力；有些人则是全心投入特定的挑战，不能有丝毫分心；能把精神能力投入到公共事务上的人，人生更有意义和情趣 。<br>可以遵循一套并非出于自己选择的游戏规则，往往是强者必备的特征。<br>很多人都对遗传和社会制约习以为常，全然忽视了选择不同行动的可能性。<br>注意力向内集中时，精神能量都被自我的关注与欲望吸收，很难再去观察周围环境。<br>应付精神熵有两种办法，解决障碍或更换目标。<br>只要方向正确，行动规则清楚，并能提供集中注意力的方法，任何目标都能使人的一生充满意义。<br>心中有欲望却不付诸行动的人就是在毒害自己。<br>浮士德得到了知识与权力，付出的代价确实灵魂的纷扰难安。<br>一旦摘下只是书上的果实，重返伊甸园的路就永远被封闭了。<br>伤害本身并不重要，重要的是，对痛苦做何种阐释，只有具备可能的挑战才对人生有帮助。<br>精神负熵的人生主题，往往适用于全人类，这种广泛利他的解决方式，为众人带来生命的和谐。<br>长大后能顺利建立一直的人生主题的人，往往记得小时候听父母讲故事或年书给他们听的情景。<br>人情人类意志的极限，接受与宇宙合作，而非统治宇宙的角色。</p>
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