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<div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><h3 id="最美的理论"><a href="#最美的理论" class="headerlink" title="最美的理论"></a>最美的理论</h3><p>爱因斯坦1905年发表在《物理学年鉴》三篇：指出原子存在；奠定量子力学基础；狭义相对论。<br>广义相对论与“万有引力”相悖，称为“最美的理论”，是全新的引力理论。<br>引力场就是空间，可以波动、弯曲、变形。<br>物体自由运动是因为空间发生了弯曲。<br>空间塌陷形成“黑洞”。</p>
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<h3 id="量子"><a href="#量子" class="headerlink" title="量子"></a>量子</h3><p>普朗克（Max Plank）在1900年提出，实验上非常成功，理论上仍然迷茫。<br>量子理论的生父是普朗克，养父是爱因斯坦，长大后走上了自己的道路。<br>位于哥本哈根研究所里的玻尔（Dane Niels Bohr）提出“量子迁跃”。<br>1925年，海森堡（Werner Heisenberg）列出量子理论的方程式。门捷列夫的元素周期表中，每一种元素都是量子力学最主要方程的一个解，整个化学学科都基于这一个方程。<br>爱因斯坦设计了“光子盒”思想实验，用来反驳量子理论的方程式。</p>
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<h3 id="宇宙的构造"><a href="#宇宙的构造" class="headerlink" title="宇宙的构造"></a>宇宙的构造</h3><p>毕达哥拉斯提出地圆说，亚里士多德用科学方法证明了地圆说，哥白尼提出日心说。<br>大约150亿年前，有一个极热极密的星云演化而来的宇宙。</p>
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<h3 id="粒子"><a href="#粒子" class="headerlink" title="粒子"></a>粒子</h3><p>光由光子组成，其他物体由原子组成；原子由一个原子核和围绕它的电子组成；原子核由质子和中子组成；质子和中子由粒子组成，粒子也被叫做夸克（quark），有不同类型。<br>牛顿力学告诉我们运动可以永恒，而量子力学告诉我们运动是稍纵即逝的。<br>除暗物质和时空曲率的引力外，基本粒子标准模型是解释物质世界的最好理论。</p>
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<h3 id="空间的颗粒"><a href="#空间的颗粒" class="headerlink" title="空间的颗粒"></a>空间的颗粒</h3><p>广义相对论和量子力学不可能同时正确<br>圈量子引力试图把广义相对论和量子力学结合起来<br>圈量子引力的核心结论：空间是不连续的，不可被无穷分割的，是由细小的颗粒组成。<br>恒星生命最后阶段，不断坍塌，形成普朗克恒星，压缩到最大程度，重新开始膨胀。</p>
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<h3 id="概率、时间和黑洞的热"><a href="#概率、时间和黑洞的热" class="headerlink" title="概率、时间和黑洞的热"></a>概率、时间和黑洞的热</h3><p>只有存在热量的时候，过去和未来才有区别。<br>热量的传递是随机的。<br>时间在高山上比在海边流逝得快。<br>霍金证明了黑洞是热的。<br>黑洞的热涉及问题的三个方面：量子力学、广义相对论和热力学，是物理学的罗塞塔石碑。</p>
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<h3 id="我们"><a href="#我们" class="headerlink" title="我们"></a>我们</h3><p>人类终将灭亡</p>
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