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<div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><h3 id="1-天生与后天习得"><a href="#1-天生与后天习得" class="headerlink" title="1 天生与后天习得"></a>1 天生与后天习得</h3><p>如果儿童获得了足够的轮流玩耍、分享和公平游戏的体验，他会成为一个道德生物。<br>道德发展最完善的孩子经常有机会换位思考。<br>平等关系有利于换位思考，而等级关系则不会。<br>学校和家庭应当贯彻平等自治的进步原则，而非训练和限制儿童的权利。<br>道德观念倾向不同不以国家划分，而是以阶层和受教育程度划分。<br>在不同国家、不同社会阶层之间，道德的疆域是不一样的。</p>
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<h3 id="2-直觉之狗和理性之尾"><a href="#2-直觉之狗和理性之尾" class="headerlink" title="2 直觉之狗和理性之尾"></a>2 直觉之狗和理性之尾</h3><p>从柏拉图开始数千年，西方哲学崇尚理性，怀疑激情，但休谟却离经叛道：理性只能是激情的仆人。<br>达尔文认为自然选择赋予了我们与生俱来的道德情感。<br>骑象人很擅长为大象已做的事情编造事后的解释，也精通于为大象下一步要做的事情进行辩护。<br>绝对的力量不需要向人出示任何理由或证据，就能令残忍变得接受，让无私显得尴尬。<br>如果对手处于斗争模式，不管我们的逻辑有多完善，都无法让他们改变观念。<br>要改变他人的想法，必须更多地对大象说话，而非骑象人。</p>
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<h3 id="3-大象的力量"><a href="#3-大象的力量" class="headerlink" title="3 大象的力量"></a>3 大象的力量</h3><p>我们的内心更像律师而不是科学家。<br>大脑会迅速且持续做出好恶的判断。<br>大脑更相信直觉的判断，例如更相信漂亮的人。<br>对人来说，名声比真相更重要。</p>
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<h3 id="4-追求选票的政客"><a href="#4-追求选票的政客" class="headerlink" title="4 追求选票的政客"></a>4 追求选票的政客</h3><p>人们关心外表和声誉远远多于关心事实。<br>让人的声誉始终处于风险之中可以约束不良行为。<br>推理路径分为两种：探索性思考和证实性思考。<br>在意他人的看法会让人看起来软弱，但事实是，每个人都在意。<br>宣称不在意的他人看法的人不过是故作坚强。<br>当人们处理生死攸关问题时仍存在证实性偏见。<br>聪明的人用高智商寻找更多支持自己的论点，而非探索议题。<br>当我们想要相信某些东西时，我们就问自己：”我可以相信它吗？”<br>当我们不想相信某些东西时，我们就问自己：”我必须相信它吗？”<br>就算是找到了假的证据，也能就此停止思考并相信，因为有人问起，就可以为之辩解了。<br>找不到反方观点漏洞，人们还会质疑对方的诚信度或意识形态。<br>我们不仅会经常说谎和欺骗，还能很好地加以掩饰，以至于我们自己都信以为真。</p>
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<h3 id="5-超越WEIRD"><a href="#5-超越WEIRD" class="headerlink" title="5 超越WEIRD"></a>5 超越WEIRD</h3><p>WEIRD is short for White, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic.<br>几乎所有的心理学研究对象都是WEIRD人群，他们其实是极少数的。<br>在大众中激起哪怕一点少数人的反感，都会被排挤和遭到残酷的对待。</p>
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<h3 id="6-走出真滋味餐厅"><a href="#6-走出真滋味餐厅" class="headerlink" title="6 走出真滋味餐厅"></a>6 走出真滋味餐厅</h3><p>休谟和孟子都类比道德许多方面像味觉。<br>道德有五组味觉：关爱和伤害，公平和欺骗，忠诚和背叛，权威和颠覆，圣洁和堕落。</p>
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<h3 id="7-自由和保守主义的本质"><a href="#7-自由和保守主义的本质" class="headerlink" title="7 自由和保守主义的本质"></a>7 自由和保守主义的本质</h3><p>人无论做任何事都要用最低的成本来换取最丰厚的回报。<br>当人们表现出值得信赖、知恩图报的迹象时，我们会感觉到高兴、喜欢和友爱。<br>大多数动物天生就知道吃什么，然而，人类必须学习什么是可吃的。<br>杂食动物倾向于探索新食物来扩充食谱，新食物又可能有危险，它们既好奇又警惕。<br>圣洁心理有助于将个体联结到一个到的共同体内。</p>
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<h3 id="8-与大象直接对话"><a href="#8-与大象直接对话" class="headerlink" title="8 与大象直接对话"></a>8 与大象直接对话</h3><p>克林顿会社交懂演讲，知道如何吸引大象。</p>
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<h3 id="9-我们自私，我们也无私"><a href="#9-我们自私，我们也无私" class="headerlink" title="9 我们自私，我们也无私"></a>9 我们自私，我们也无私</h3><p>911事件后，人们变得友善，乐于助人，表明自己是集体的一员。<br>自杀式的自我牺牲是群体层面所偏爱的。<br>人天生自私，但也天生喜欢归属群体，喜欢加入团队、俱乐部、互助会等。</p>
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<h3 id="10-蜂巢开关"><a href="#10-蜂巢开关" class="headerlink" title="10 蜂巢开关"></a>10 蜂巢开关</h3><p>在某些条件下，人会像蜜蜂一样，忘记牺牲个人利益为集体做贡献。<br>在自然的环境中，人能感觉与自然合而为一，感受自我的渺小。<br>背部按摩能提高催产素水平。<br>人类对于长相、衣着、语言与自己相似，甚至与自己同姓同生日的人更有好感。<br>丰田全公司每天都要进行同步性训练，同步性建立信任。</p>
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<h3 id="12-我们不能反对得更有建设性吗"><a href="#12-我们不能反对得更有建设性吗" class="headerlink" title="12 我们不能反对得更有建设性吗"></a>12 我们不能反对得更有建设性吗</h3><p>对于选择自由还是保守？人的基因中有自然倾向。<br>道德凝聚人心，但具有盲目性。</p>
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